Introduction to Chapter 13 Bankruptcy


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The Bankruptcy Code provides for adjustment of debts for individuals with regular income in Chapter 13, and is known as a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. A debtor can keep property in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy while paying down debts over a period of 3 to 5 years.

A chapter 13 bankruptcy is also called a wage earner’s plan. It enables individuals with regular income to develop a plan to repay all or part of their debts.

Under this chapter, debtors propose a repayment plan to make installments to creditors over three to five years. If the debtor’s current monthly income is less than the applicable state median, the plan will be for three years unless the court approves a longer period “for cause.”

If the debtor’s current monthly income is greater than the applicable state median, the bankruptcy plan generally must be for five years. In no case may a Chapter 13 plan provide for payments over a period longer than five years. During this time the law forbids creditors from starting or continuing collection efforts.

There are many advantages a Chapter 13 has over a Chapter 7 liquidation bankruptcy. One big advantage is that a Chapter 13 allows individuals a chance to save and keep their homes when facing a foreclosure.

By filing under this chapter, individuals can stop foreclosure proceedings and may cure delinquent mortgage payments over time. Nevertheless, they must still make all mortgage payments that come due during the chapter 13 plan on time.

Another nice advantage of Chapter 13 over Chapter 7 is that individuals are allowed to reschedule secured payments (other than real property) and extend them for the life of the bankruptcy plan. This often lowers payments dramatically.

Chapter 13 also provides protection for third parties who are liable with the debtor on consumer debts. This means that co-signers on loans made with the debtor can be protected from creditor actions. The Chapter 13 Plan also acts like a consolidation loan where the debtor pays the Chapter 13 trustee who then disburses the money to creditors. Thus, filers of Chapter 13 never have contact with creditors.

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